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Nutrient deficiency
Disease Management
Pest Management
Nutrient deficiency
Nitrogen deficiency
Symptoms
- Stunted plants.
- Leaf discolouration from tip of the leaves (yellowing).


Solution Products
Phosphorus deficiency
Symptoms
- Leaves narrow, short, very erect ‘dirty’ dark green.
- Older leaves turn brownish red & purple colors develop in leaves.

Solution Products
Potassium deficiency
Symptoms
- Dark green plants with yellowish.
- Brown leaf margins and brown necrotic spots on the tips of older leaves.

Solution Products
NPK deficiency
Symptoms
- Soil with repeated cultivation may have the problem of lack of primary nutrients
- Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium are the essential nutrients deficit in these elements pose severe yield losses.



ZINC deficiency
Symptoms
- Chlorotic zones: Pale yellow zones may appear parallel to the midrib of the leaves, starting at the base.
- White bud: The youngest leaves may be white or pale yellow in color.


Disease Management
Downy Mildew
Symptoms
- Partial or complete changes normal floral parts to small leaves: crazy top
- Plants may produce numerous ear shoots and phyllody of ears.


Leaf Blight
Symptoms
- Long cigar-shape grey-green to tan-coloured lesions on lower leaves.
- Lesions run parallel to leaf margins and they coalesce and cover entire leaf.


Charcoal rot
Symptoms
- Plants exhibit wilting symptoms
- Plants mature, the fungus spreads into the lower internodes of the stalk


Pest Management
Fall armyworm
Symptoms
- Damage to leaves: Young larvae scrape and skeletonize the upper epidermis of leaves, leaving a silvery membrane and papery spots. Older larvae make holes in leaves and eat from the edges inward
- Damage to stems: Larvae can burrow into stems, causing them to break.


Solution Products
Shoot fly
Symptoms
- Infests crop from 2 days to 3 weeks after emergence.
- The larvae of the shoot fly feed on the central growing shoots of maize, which can cause the plant to form a "dead heart".


Spotted Stem borer
Symptoms
- Adult of moth of spotted stem borer prefers 3-5 leaf stage maize for egg laying.
- The newly hatched larvae crawl inside the leaf whorl and feed in groups.


Solution Products
Root grub
Symptoms
- Stunted growth: Plants may be smaller than normal or not grow as expected.
- Root loss: Root grubs can cause plants to lose their roots.



Solution Products
Cyst nematode
Symptoms
- Poorly developed roots: Root systems may be poorly developed and swollen
- Browned roots: Roots may appear browned.
